Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of four alkaloids in Ermiao Pills and Sanmiao Pills in normal and arthritic model rats / 中国中药杂志

This work aimed to investigate the differences of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of four alkaloids in Ermiao Pills and Sanmiao Pills in normal and arthritic model rats. The rat model of arthritis was established by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant, and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) in the positive ion multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode was used for the determination of four alkaloids in plasma and tissues of normal and arthritic rats after administration of Ermiao Pills and Sanmiao Pills, respectively. The differences in pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the four active components were compared, and the effect of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix on the major components of Sanmiao Pills was explored. This study established an UPLC-MS/MS for simultaneous determination of four alkaloids, and the specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and stability of this method all met the requirements. Pharmacokinetics study found that as compared with normal rats, the AUC and C_(max) of phellodendrine, magnoflorine, berberine and palmatine in model rats were significantly decreased after administration of Ermiao Pills, the clearance rate CL/F was significantly increased, and the distribution and tissue/plasma concentration ratio of the four alkaloids in the liver, kidney, and joint were significantly reduced. Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix increased the AUC of phellodendrine, berberine, and palmatine, reduced the clearance rate, and significantly increased the distribution of the four alkaloids in the liver, kidney, and joints in arthritic rats. However, it had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the four alkaloids in normal rats. These results suggest that Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix may play a guiding role in meridian through increasing the tissue distribution of effective components in Sanmiao Pills under arthritis states.

Effect and Safety of Tongyan Spray () on Hyoid Motion in Patients with Dysphagia after Ischemic Stroke / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects and safety of Tongyan Spray () on the range and time of hyoid motion in patients with ischemic post-stroke dysphagia.@*METHODS@#Seventy-two patients with ischemic post-stroke dysphagia were selected and randomly assigned to a treatment group (36 cases) and a control group (36 cases) by a random number table from January 2013 to October 2014. All patients swallowed 4 kinds of barium meals with different traits respectively, and each patient underwent video fluoroscopy (VF) examination twice. In the treatment group, Tongyan Spray was sprayed to the pharynx on both sides and the middle part once respectively. The spray was applied 30 min before the second examination. Purified water at room temperature was used as placebo in the control group. The changes in the range and time of hyoid motion in both groups were observed before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Six patients dropped out in each group, and 60 patients completed the study and were included in the final analysis. Significant improvement was observed in the range of superior hyoid excursion distance and the time of hyoid motion in the treatment group compared with the control group (P<0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions observed in oral mucosa in both groups during the whole study.@*CONCLUSION@#Tongyan Spray was an effective and safe medicine for improving swallowing function in patients with ischemic post-stroke dysphagia.

Advance in Application of Neuroimaging in Plasticity Mechanism after Stroke (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Neuroimaging technique is a kind of significant means to explore the mechanism of cerebral plasticity after stroke. Diffusion tensor imaging can be used to describe the structure of white matter fiber bundles and evaluate the degree of damage, but it cannot reflect the functional connections between different brain regions. Task-state functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) can detect the activation of corresponding brain regions caused by specific tasks, but the test design is complex and demanding for subjects. Resting-state fMRI can analyze complex brain networks and reflect functional connections in different brain regions, but the method of data analysis is complex. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is another non-invasive method to reflect the functional activation of brain regions, in which temporal resolution is better than fMRI, but the spatial resolution is slightly lower. The combination of multiple detection methods may be an important research direction in the future.

Differences of Structural Plasticity between Hemispheres during Rehabilitation for Subacute Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the differences in plasticity mechanism of cortical structure between hemispheres during rehabilitation for stroke patients at subacute stage. Methods:From October 20, 2018 to February 1, 2020, 22 patients with first-onset subcortical ischemic stroke completed the assessments of MRI and clinical evaluation at admission, and after one and two months of rehabilitation. Cortical surface area, thickness, and volume were measured to evaluate cortical structure plasticity. Two-way repeated measures analyses of variance were implemented to estimate dynamic cortical morphology changes and differences between hemispheres. Results:A significant time effect occurred between admission and after one month of rehabilitation for both hemispheres. Cortical surface area, thickness and volume for most regions in both hemispheres gradually decreased, while parahippocampal gyrus thickness and volume increased. The surface area and volume of postcentral gyrus was significant between both hemispheres (F > 4.305, P < 0.05), in which ipsilesional hemisphere was lower than contralesional hemisphere. The reduction of the thickness (r = -0.474, P = 0.026) and volume (r = -0.432, P = 0.044) of postcentral gyrus in ipsilesional hemisphere was negatively correlated with the recovery rate of motor function. Conclusion:There are differences in cortical structure plasticity during stroke rehabilitation between hemispheres. Cortical morphology markedly changes in the first two months poststroke. The greater the reduction in thickness and volume of postcentral gyrus in ipsilesional hemisphere is, the worse the recovery of motor function may be.

Correlation of Peripheral Nerve Injury to Motor Function of Upper Limb in Convalescent Patients with Peripheral Paralysis after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To evaluate peripheral nerve injury in convalescent patients with peripheral paralysis after stroke, and explore the correlation between injured nerve and upper limb motor function. Methods:From December, 2015 to October, 2019, 77 stroke patients were examined motor nerve conduction, F wave, skin sympathetic response (SSR) and electromyography (EMG) on the affected side upper limbs. They were divided into the normal group and the injured group, according to motor nerve conduction. They were assessed with simplified Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), and the correlation between the neuroelectrophysiological parameters and FMA-UE score was analyzed. Results:There were 41 patients (53.25%) with peripheral nerve injury (injured group). FMA-UE score was less in the injured group than in the normal group (t = 2.193, P < 0.05), with lower amplitude and occurrence rate of F wave (t > 2.002, P < 0.05), and lower amplitude and shorter latency of SSR (t > 3.140, P < 0.01), although the occurrence rate of F wave and latency of SSR was in the reference range. There was correlation between numbers of injured nerves and FMA-UE score (r = -0.858, P < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the amplitudes of ulnar, radial and musculocutaneous nerves affected the FMA-UE score (B > 0.317, P < 0.05). Conclusion:There may be peripheral nerves injury for patients with upper limb peripheral paralysis after stroke, which may impair the outcome of motor recovery, and need to be avoided and treated.

Investigation and analysis of menstrual disorders in 845 air crew / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the influencing factors of menstrual disorder in flight attendants,and to do a good job in prevention and education.METHODS: Totally 845 qualified flight attendants of an airline company in 2018 were selected and questionnaires were conducted to list the possible influencing factors of menstrual disorder: mental factors,poor sleep,excessive fatigue,polar airlines,irregular diet,and menstrual flight.RESULTS: Among 845 respondents,312 crew members had menstrual disorders in the past year,accounting for 36.92%.Among them,dysfunctional uterine bleeding occurred most,accounting for 51.28%,followed by dysmenorrhea,premenstrual syndrome and amenorrhea.Univariate analysis showed that the incidence of sleep disorder,mental factors,excessive fatigue,irregular diet,menstrual flight and polar flight in the menstrual disorder group was significantly higher than that in the normal menstrual group(P<0.05).Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that poor sleep,excessive fatigue,mental factors,irregular diet,menstrual flight(OR = 20.747,11.982,5.590,4.284,3.120,P<0.01),and polar airlines were removed from the equation(OR=0.741,P=0.389).CONCLUSION: The special working nature of flight attendants is more likely to lead to menstrual disorders.Sleep quality and excessive fatigue are the main factors of menstrual disorders.

Therapeutic Observation of Tong Yuan Needling Method plus Puncturing Stellate Ganglion for Allergic Rhinitis WANG / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Tong Yuan needling method plus puncturing stellate ganglion in treating allergic rhinitis. Method Sixty patients with allergic rhinitis were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases each. The treatment group was intervened by Tong Yuan needling method plus puncturing stellate ganglion; the control group was treated with Loratadine tablets and Budesonide nasal spray. The clinical efficacies of the two groups were compared after the treatment and 1 month later. Result The total effective rate was 96.7％ and 90.0％ in the treatment group respectively after the treatment and 1 month later, versus 73.3％ and 63.3％ in the control group, and the between-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Tong Yuan needling method plus puncturing stellate ganglion is an effective method in treating allergic rhinitis.

Investigating mechanism of toxicity reduction by combination of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata on terms of proteins self-assembly / 中国中药杂志

The combination of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata can increase efficacy and decrease toxicity. This study started from the phenomena of protein self-assembly in the mixed decoction of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata. The attenuated mechanism was explored between the combination of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata by using the protein of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and aconitine which was the major toxic component of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma protein with aconitine could form stable particles which particle mean diameter was (206.2 ± 2.02) nm and (238.20 ± 1.23) nm at pH 5.0 in normal temperature. Through the mouse acute toxicity experiment found that injection of aconitine monomer all mice were killed, and injection of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma protein-aconitine particles with the same content of aconitine all mice survived. Survey the stability of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma protein-aconitine shows that the colloid particles is stable at room temperature, and it has the possibility to candidate drug carrier. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma protein can reduce the toxicity of aconitine through self-assembly.

Application of Virtual Reality Training System in Rehabilitation Medicine Education / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To apply the virtual reality training in clinical education of rehabilitation therapy. Methods 26 undergraduate students majored in rehabilitation therapy were randomly divided into 2 groups during clinical education of physiotherapy. The experimental group (n=14) received virtual reality training first, and then with routine teaching, while the control group (n=12) learnt with routine teaching only. Self-assessment and physiotherapy test were conducted after training. Results The experimental group reported more interested, initiative and positive in training than those of the control group. The experimental group achieved higher scores in practical tests than the control group (P<0.05), while no significant difference in the theoretical examination between the groups. Conclusion Application of virtual reality training may improve the teaching of physiotherapy.

Application of nano-sized TiO2 photocatalysis to air purification and sterilization / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop and evaluate the efficiency of air purification and sterilization instrument based on nano-sized TiO(2) photocatalytic technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The nano-sized TiO(2) photocatalytic air purification and sterilization instrument was designed and a sample had been prepared. The sterilization efficiencies for E.coli and Klebsiella by the nano-sized TiO(2) photocatalytic instrument and ultraviolet (UV) were measured in closed labs. The on-site efficiency of the instrument was evaluated, too.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The nano-sized TiO(2) photocatalytic air purification and sterilization instrument was composed of five units: rough filter, nano-sized TiO(2) photocatalytic unit, activated carbon fiber filter, negative ion generator, and programmed control unit. The E.coli killing rates by the nano-sized TiO(2) photocatalytic instrument were 76.0%, 81.8%, 77.5%, and 80.7% at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, respectively. There was no significant difference between the E.coli killing rates of the instrument and UV (P > 0.05), except the 120 minutes timepoint. The Klebsiella killing rates by the instrument were 78.4%, 79.5%, 67.3%, and 58.5% at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, respectively. The Klebsiella killing efficiencies of the instrument at 30 and 60 minutes were better than that of UV (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the Klebsiella killing efficiencies of the instrument and UV (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The air sterilization efficiency of the nano-sized TiO(2) photocatalytic instrument should be equivalent or better as compared with the UV. This instrument might be used for the air purification and sterilization of the public locations.</p>

Study of hyoid motion during swallowing in normal elder / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo explore effects of food viscosity and sex on hyoid motion during swallowing in normal elder.MethodsVideofluoroscopic studies were done in 60 healthy elder. Hyoid motion during swallowing food with different viscosity was measured.ResultsOlder male had longer movement duration, greater amplitudes of upward and forward movement than older female (P<0.05). Amplitudes of upward movement in jam thick swallow and bread thick swallow were greater than that in liquid swallow (P<0.01). Bread thick swallow had the longest movement duration; liquid swallow had shortest movement duration.ConclusionThe hyoid bone moves both upward and forward during swallowing, the amplitude of upward displacement is highly variable and influenced by food viscosity. The duration and amplitude of hyoid motion in male or female are different.